The history of education is a very dynamic academic discipline whose themes, approaches and methodologies have diversified over the last two decades. This evolution is due to the historical reflection that is considered essential in the educational sciences. This work aims to reflect the recent development of the discipline by bringing together theoretical reflections on pedagogical issues, hermeneutic and critical studies of various pedagogical theories from different periods and historical-educational research. Many of the research studies included in this work stand out for their interpretation of alternative sources with new approaches. For this reason, the book can be seen as an introduction to recent work in the field of the history of education, which is compiled with a teaching intention, i.e., with the aim of making new knowledge accessible to scholars and those interested in the subject. The most important target group for this book are international students, who visit Spanish universities, and Spanish students of subjects related to education, who are willing to enhance their linguistic competence. Furthermore, the book is aimed at scholars and public interested in history of education through a comparative approach.